The Design and validation of a Nursing Plan for Elderly Patients with Postoperative Delirium.

Delirium is the sudden alteration of the state of consciousness and perception, fluctuating over hours or days. It predominates in older adults and is associated with the aging process. The incidence of delirium increases between 10% and 15% in surgical interventions. The objective of this study was the design and validation of a nursing care plan for elderly patients with postoperative delirium. This study was based on the Delphi method and applied to nursing professionals at the Hospital Universitario del Caribe, Cartagena. The sample consisted of 36 nurses with knowledge of the taxonomy of nursing diagnoses. The care plan was applied in two rounds. For the analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, as well as frequency and percentages. The participants were women (90.9%) from the hospitalization service (51.5%), with training in Nursing Diagnosis (NANDA), Nursing interventions classification (NIC) and Nursing Outcome Classifications (NOC) (78.8%). The validated care plan has eight diagnostic features. Highlights include "Risk for Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion" and "Disturbed Sleep Pattern" (in 98.1%; 11 results), with the highest score in the first round being "Vital Signs" (with 100%) and "Sleep" (100%) and "Mobility" (100%) in the second round. Forty-four interventions and 18 suggested activities were identified. This care plan offers the nursing professionals reliable and pertinent tools in clinical practice for the management of patients with postoperative delirium.

Spirituality and Religiosity in Elderly Adults with Chronic Disease / Espiritualidad y religiosidad en adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica / Espiritualidade e religiosidade em adultos maiores com doença crónica

Objective.This work sought to explore the relationship between spirituality and religiosity in elderly adults with chronic disease. Methods. This was a cross-sectional cohort study with a representative sample of 229 elderly adults with chronic disease registered in 12 life centers in the city of Cartagena. Reed's Spiritual Perspective and Francis' Religiosity scales were applied. Results. Mean age was 74.4 years, 62.9% were women, and the most frequent occupations were: unemployed (45.9%) and housewives (44.5%); the religion most practiced was Catholicism (81.2%). Levels of spirituality and religiosity were high, showing a moderate and direct correlation (r = 0.57). Conclusion. A directly proportional relationship exists between spirituality and religiosity in elderly adults with chronic disease.

Objetivo.Explorar la relación entre espiritualidad y religiosidad en adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal realizado con una muestra representativa de 229 adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica inscritos en 12 centros de vida de la Ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia. Se aplicaron las escalas de Perspectiva Espiritual de Reed y la de Religiosidad de Francis. Resultados. El promedio de edad 74.4 años, de los cuales un 62.9% pertenecía al sexo femenino. Por ocupación, las más frecuentes fueron desempleados (45.9%) y amas de casa (44.5%). De otro lado, la religión más practicada fue la católica (81.2%). El nivel de espiritualidad y religiosidad fue alto, mostrando una correlación moderada y directa (r=0.57). Conclusión. Existe una relación directamente proporcional entre espiritualidad y religiosidad en los adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica.

Objetivo.Explorar a relação entre espiritualidade e religiosidade em adultos maiores com doença crónica. Métodos. Estudo de corte transversal realizado com uma amostra representativa de 229 adultos maiores com doença crónica inscritos em 12 centros de vida da cidade de Cartagena, Colômbia. Se aplicaram as escalas de Perspectiva Espiritual de Reed e a de Religiosidade de Francis. Resultados. A média de idade foi de 74.4 anos, um 62.9% foram mulheres, por ocupação as mais frequentes foram desempregados (45.9%) e dona-de-casa (44.5%) e a religião que mais praticada foi a católica (81.2%). O nível de espiritualidade e religiosidade foram altos, mostrando uma correlação moderada e direta (r=0.57). Conclusão. Existe uma relação diretamente proporcional entre espiritualidade e religiosidade nos adultos maiores com doença crónica.

Spirituality and Religiosity in Elderly Adults with Chronic Disease.

OBJECTIVE: This work sought to explore the relationship between spirituality and religiosity in elderly adults with chronic disease. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional cohort study with a representative sample of 229 elderly adults with chronic disease registered in 12 life centers in the city of Cartagena. Reed's Spiritual Perspective and Francis' Religiosity scales were applied. RESULTS: Mean age was 74.4 years, 62.9% were women, and the most frequent occupations were: unemployed (45.9%) and housewives (44.5%); the religion most practiced was Catholicism (81.2%). Levels of spirituality and religiosity were high, showing a moderate and direct correlation (r = 0.57). CONCLUSION: A directly proportional relationship exists between spirituality and religiosity in elderly adults with chronic disease.

Incertidumbre en adultos diabéticos tipo 2 a partir de la teoría de Merle Mishel / Uncertainty in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes According to Merle Mishel's Theory / Incerteza em adultos diabéticos tipo 2 a partir da teoria de Merle Mishel

Objetivo: describir el nivel de incertidumbre de adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 atendidos en instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud en Cartagena (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo a partir de una muestra de 163 pacientes que tuvieran como mínimo dos meses de haber sido diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El instrumento utilizado fue la escala de la Incertidumbre ante la enfermedad de Mishel y para el análisis de los datos fue utilizado el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 20.0. Resultados: del total de participantes 76,1% mostraron un nivel de incertidumbre regular. El fenómeno de la incertidumbre está más relacionado con la incapacidad para identificar si ha mejorado o no (86,5%), de predecir o explicar la causa de un malestar físico (76,7%) o predecir el cambio de los síntomas (60,1%). Conclusiones: para enfermería, abarcar este fenómeno permite una mejor aproximación al análisis de los desafíos y las expectativas de quienes viven con una enfermedad crónica y así proporcionar cuidados que permitan un proceso de adaptación óptimo, que apoyen y enriquezcan la práctica enfermera.

Objective: Describe the level of uncertainty experienced by adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are being treated at health care institutions in Cartagena, Colombia. Materials and Methods: This is descriptive study based on a sample of 163 patients who had been diagnosed with the disease at least two months earlier. Mishel'suncertainty in illness scale was the instrument used and the information was analyzed with SPSS Statistics 20.0. Findings: A good portion of the participants (76.1%) showed normal levels of uncertainty. The phenomenon of uncertainty is related largely to an inability to identify whether or not there has been an improvement (86.5%), to predict or explain the cause of physical discomfort (76.7%) orto predict a change in symptoms (60.1%). Conclusions: Investigating this phenomenon allows for a better approach to analyzing the challenges facing those living with a chronic illness, as well as their expectations, in order to provide care that facilitates the best possible process of adaptation and supports and enriches nursing practice.

Objetivo: descrever o nível de incerteza de adultos com diabete mellitus tipo 2 atendidos em instituiçóes prestadoras de serviços de saúde em Cartagena (Colômbia). Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo a partir de uma amostra de 163 pacientes que tiveram pelo menos dois meses de terem sido diagnosticados com essa doença. O instrumento utilizado foi a escala da Incerteza ante a Doença de Mishel e, para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o programa estatístico SPSS versão 20.0. Resultados: do total de participantes, 76,1% mostraram níveis de incerteza regular. O fenômeno da incerteza está mais relacionado com a incapacidade para identificar se melhorou ou não (86,5%), de prever ou explicar a causa de um mal-estar físico (76,7%) ou de predizer a mudança dos sintomas (60,1%). Conclusóes: pesquisar esse fenômeno permite uma melhor aproximação à análise dos desafios e das expectativas dos que vivem com uma doença crônica e, assim, proporcionar cuidados que permitam um processo ótimo de adaptação e enriqueçam a prática enfermeira.

Ergonomic factors that cause the presence of painmuscle in students of dentistry

Objective: To identify the ergonomic factors and the presence of muscular pain in dental students of VIII, IX,X semesters presently practicing at the clinics of the College of Dentistry of university of Cartagena, Colombia,South America.Materials and methods: This is a descriptive study carried out in dental students of the VIII, IX, and X semesters which were undergoing clinical practice at the College of Dentistry of University of Cartagena. A convenience sample of 83 students who met the inclusion criteria was taken and those who agreed to participate signed an informed consent. Data collection was obtained by means of a structured questionnaire for ergonomic factors andthe presence of pain was identified palpating the muscles object of the study by a physical therapist. The variables evaluated were: presence of pain, affected muscles, affected zones, gender, postures and work environment. Results: The adoption of inadequate postures such as exaggerated flexions or cervical torsions could generate a higher frequency of muscular pain in dental students. The approximating muscle of the thumb showed 11% frequency of pain. The presence of muscular pain was higher for the female group participating in this study.Conclusions: Dentists are prone, since the beginning of their clinical practice as students, to lesions of the skeletal muscle system due to the clinical exercise of the profession, being the most common, muscle pain in the back,neck, shoulders and hands. This would imply initiating an occupational health program promoting healthy lifestylesin their academic environment and their future professional life, at the beginning of their clinical practice in dental school (AU)

No disponible

Ergonomic factors that cause the presence of pain muscle in students of dentistry.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the ergonomic factors and the presence of muscular pain in dental students of VIII, IX, X semesters presently practicing at the clinics of the College of Dentistry of university of Cartagena, Colombia, South America. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive study carried out in dental students of the VIII, IX, and X semesters which were undergoing clinical practice at the College of Dentistry of University of Cartagena. A convenience sample of 83 students who met the inclusion criteria was taken and those who agreed to participate signed an informed consent. Data collection was obtained by means of a structured questionnaire for ergonomic factors and the presence of pain was identified palpating the muscles object of the study by a physical therapist. The variables evaluated were: presence of pain, affected muscles, affected zones, gender, postures and work environment. RESULTS: The adoption of inadequate postures such as exaggerated flexions or cervical torsions could generate a higher frequency of muscular pain in dental students. The approximating muscle of the thumb showed 11% frequency of pain. The presence of muscular pain was higher for the female group participating in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Dentists are prone, since the beginning of their clinical practice as students, to lesions of the skeletal muscle system due to the clinical exercise of the profession, being the most common, muscle pain in the back, neck, shoulders and hands. This would imply initiating an occupational health program promoting healthy lifestyles in their academic environment and their future professional life, at the beginning of their clinical practice in dental school.

Espiritualidad e incertidumbre ante la enfermedad en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Spirituality and uncertainty in the face of illness in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre espiritualidad e incertidumbre presente en personas con situación crónica por diabetes mellitus tipo II. Metodología: abordaje cuantitativo de tipo correlacional de corte transversal, midiendo la espiritualidad con la escala de perspectiva espiritual de Reed, y la incertidumbre con la escala de Mishel. La muestra incluye 163 pacientes, distribuidos en la institución de la ESE Cartagena de Indias; y Fundación MEDICUS "Casa del diabético de Cartagena de indias. Resultados: se encontró un nivel de espiritualidad alto, y un nivel de incertidumbre regular, Al estimar la correlación entre la espiritualidad y la incertidumbre el coeficiente de correlación r fue de -0.359 (p< 0,05), lo que nos indica que a mayor espiritualidad menor será la incertidumbre en los pacientes del estudio. La correlación es débil, pero significativamente diferente de cero. Conclusión: estos hallazgos indican la necesidad de valorar la incertidumbre e identificar factores relacionados como, capacidades cognitivas y fuentes de estructura que inciden positiva o negativamente en la aparición de la misma; la espiritualidad se considerarse una estrategia que permite el afrontamiento con conformidad y esperanza el padecimiento de una situación de cronicidad. Discusión: la literatura señala que la espiritualidad puede modificar la incertidumbre, estos fenómenos son diferentes pero relacionados. Recomendaciones: el estudio de estos fenómenos permite a la disciplina de enfermería utilizarlos como sustento teórico ­ práctico en el desarrollo de programas que se ajusten a las necesidades de la población en situación de cronicidad.

Objective: To determine the relationship between spirituality and uncertainty present in people with chronic situation type II diabetes mellitus. Methodology: quantitative approach and correlation of cross section, measuring spirituality and spiritual perspective scale Reed, and uncertainty with the scale of Mishel. The sample included 163 patients, distributed in the institution of the ESE Cartagena de Indias, and MEDICUS Foundation House of diabetic Cartagena de Indias. Results: We found a high level of spirituality, and a regular level of uncertainty, estimating the correlation between spirituality and uncertainty correlation coefficient r was -0359 (p <0.05), which indicates that greater spirituality lower the uncertainty in the study patients. The correlation is weak, but significantly different from zero. Conclusion: These findings indicate the need to assess uncertainty and to identify factors such as, cognitive abilities and power structure that positively or negatively affect the appearance of it, spirituality is considered a strategy for coping with compliance and hope the suffering from a chronic situation. Discussion: The literature suggests that spirituality can modify the uncertainty, these phenomena are different but related. Recommendations: The study of these phenomena enables the nursing used as theoretical basis - practice in the development of programs that meet the needs of the population living in chronicity.